Gender equality and extension of women rights in Russia
within millennium development goals
Appendix I
Segregation indexes.
1) Index of dissimilarity ID (or Duncan index) is most widely used. As a rule, it is determined as a half of the amount of differences (with the positive sign) between the shares of men and women occupied in each profession. This index shows what percentage of workers of one sex should change occupation under the condition that workers of the other sex should stay at their workplaces that it would result in equal distribution of men and women by professions.
ID = 1/2S|Fi/F-Mi/M| = Ff/F-Mf/M,
where F is a number of women in the labour force; M is a number of men in the labour force; Fi is a number of women in profession i; Mi - is a number of women in profession i; Ff is a number of women in "women's" professions; Mf is a number of men in "women's" professions; i varies from one to the number of professions.
2) Sex ratio (SR). This index equals to the number of women in "women's" professions divided by the number of women in these professions, which would be if occupational segregation by sex was absent minus the similar rate for women in "men's" professions.
SR = Ff/[(FNf)/N]-Fm/[(FNm)/N],
where N is the aggregate number of workers in the labour force; Nf is the aggregate number of workers in "women's" professions; Nm is the aggregate number of workers in "men's"; Fm is the aggregate number of women in "men's" professions.
3) Women in employment index WE is determined as the amount of deviations of the share of women in each profession from the share of all workers of this profession in the labour force. In other words, it is the amount of differences between actual and expected shares of women in the profession, all differences are taken with the positive sign.
WE = S|Fi/F-Ni/N| = 2(M/N)(Ff/F-Mf/M),
where Ni is the aggregate number of workers in profession i.
4) Marginal matching (MM). Marginal matching (MM) may be expressed as
MM = Ff/F-Mf/M.
In this case "men's" and "women's" professions are determined in a different manner as compared to calculation of other indexes (ID, SR, WE) when those professions are defined as "women's" ones where the share of women is bigger than the share of women in the labour force, and "men's" professions are those where the share of men is bigger than the share of men in the labour force. For MM "women's" professions are those where women concentration is the most high and at the same time they include the same absolute number of workers - both men and women - as the number of occupied women. "Men's" professions are those where the men concentration is maximum and the number of workers in them is equal to the number of occupied men. The term marginal matching is derived from the method of data presentation: distribution into "men's" and "women's" professions is chosen in such a way that marginal matching common for professions of both sexes corresponds to the marginal matching common for the workers of one sex ("men's professions correspond to men and "women's" professions to women).